AvRegs Canada

← Canada Labour Code

PART I — Industrial Relations

DIVISION VI — Prohibitions and Enforcement

Strikes and Lockouts

88Definitions history

In this Division,

employer includes an employers’ organization; (employeur)

trade union includes a council of trade unions. (syndicat)

1972, c. 18, s. 1

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88.1Strikes and lockouts prohibited during term of collective agreement history

Strikes and lockouts are prohibited during the term of a collective agreement except if

(a)

a notice to bargain collectively has been given pursuant to a provision of this Part, other than subsection 49(1); and

(b)

the requirements of subsection 89(1) have been met.

1998, c. 26, s. 38

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89No strike or lockout until certain requirements met history
(1)

No employer shall declare or cause a lockout and no trade union shall declare or authorize a strike unless

(a)

the employer or trade union has given notice to bargain collectively under this Part;

(b)

the employer and the trade union

(i)

have failed to bargain collectively within the period specified in paragraph 50(a), or

(ii)

have bargained collectively in accordance with section 50 but have failed to enter into or revise a collective agreement;

(c)

the Minister has

(i)

received a notice, given under section 71 by either party to the dispute, informing the Minister of the failure of the parties to enter into or revise a collective agreement, or

(ii)

taken action under subsection 72(2);

(d)

twenty-one days have elapsed after the date on which the Minister

(i)

notified the parties of the intention not to appoint a conciliation officer or conciliation commissioner, or to establish a conciliation board under subsection 72(1),

(ii)

notified the parties that a conciliation officer appointed under subsection 72(1) has reported,

(iii)

released a copy of the report to the parties to the dispute pursuant to paragraph 77(a), or

(iv)

is deemed to have been reported to pursuant to subsection 75(2) or to have received the report pursuant to subsection 75(3);

(e)

the Board has determined any referral made pursuant to subsection 87.4(5); and

(f)

sections 87.2 and 87.3 have been complied with.

No employee to strike until certain requirements met

(2)

No employee shall participate in a strike unless

(a)

the employee is a member of a bargaining unit in respect of which a notice to bargain collectively has been given under this Part; and

(b)

the requirements of subsection (1) have been met in respect of the bargaining unit of which the employee is a member.

R.S., 1985, c. L-2, s. 89; 1998, c. 26, s. 39; 1999, c. 31, s. 157(E); 2024, c. 12, s. 8

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90Right to strike or lockout limited during period between Parliaments history
(1)

Where a strike or lockout not prohibited by this Part occurs or may occur during the time commencing on the date of a dissolution of Parliament and ending on the date fixed for the return of the writs at the next following general election and, in the opinion of the Governor in Council, adversely affects or would adversely affect the national interest, the Governor in Council may during that time make an order deferring the strike or lockout during the period commencing on the day the order is made and ending on the twenty-first day following the date fixed for the return of the writs.

Minister’s report

(2)

Where the Governor in Council makes an order pursuant to subsection (1) during the time mentioned in that subsection, the Minister shall, on any of the first ten sitting days of the first session of Parliament next following that time, lay before Parliament a report stating the reasons for the making of the order.

1972, c. 18, s. 1; 1984, c. 39, s. 33

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Declarations Relating to Strikes and Lockouts

91Employer may apply for declaration that strike unlawful history
(1)

Where an employer alleges that a trade union has declared or authorized a strike, or that employees have participated, are participating or are likely to participate in a strike, the effect of which was, is or would be to involve the participation of an employee in a strike in contravention of this Part, the employer may apply to the Board for a declaration that the strike was, is or would be unlawful.

Declaration that strike unlawful and strike prohibited

(2)

Where an employer applies to the Board under subsection (1) for a declaration that a strike was, is or would be unlawful, the Board may, after affording the trade union or employees referred to in subsection (1) an opportunity to make representations on the application, make such a declaration and, if the employer so requests, may make an order

(a)

requiring the trade union to revoke the declaration or authorization to strike and to give notice of such revocation forthwith to the employees to whom it was directed;

(b)

enjoining any employee from participating in the strike;

(c)

requiring any employee who is participating in the strike to perform the duties of their employment; and

(d)

requiring any trade union, of which any employee with respect to whom an order is made under paragraph (b) or (c) is a member, and any officer or representative of that union, forthwith to give notice of any order made under paragraph (b) or (c) to any employee to whom it applies.

R.S., 1985, c. L-2, s. 91; 1998, c. 26, s. 40; 1999, c. 31, s. 162(E)

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92Declaration that lockout unlawful and prohibition of lockout history

Where a trade union alleges that an employer has declared or caused or is about to declare or cause a lockout of employees in contravention of this Part, the trade union may apply to the Board for a declaration that the lockout was, is or would be unlawful and the Board may, after affording the employer an opportunity to make representations on the application, make such a declaration and, if the trade union so requests, may make an order

(a)

enjoining the employer or any person acting on behalf of the employer from declaring or causing the lockout;

(b)

requiring the employer or any person acting on behalf of the employer to discontinue the lockout and to permit any employee of the employer who was affected by the lockout to return to the duties of their employment; and

(c)

requiring the employer forthwith to give notice of any order made against the employer under paragraph (a) or (b) to any employee who was affected, or would likely have been affected, by the lockout.

R.S., 1985, c. L-2, s. 92; 1998, c. 26, s. 41; 1999, c. 31, s. 162(E)

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93Terms and duration of order history
(1)

An order made under section 91 or 92

(a)

shall be in such terms as the Board considers necessary and sufficient to meet the circumstances of the case; and

(b)

subject to subsection (2), shall have effect for such time as is specified in the order.

Application for supplementary order

(2)

Where the Board makes an order under section 91 or 92, the Board may, from time to time on application by the employer or trade union that requested the order or any employer, trade union, employee or other person affected thereby, notice of which application has been given to the parties named in the order, by supplementary order,

(a)

continue the order, with or without modification, for such period as is stated in the supplementary order; or

(b)

revoke the order.

1977-78, c. 27, s. 64

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Unfair Practices

94Employer interference in trade union history
(1)

No employer or person acting on behalf of an employer shall

(a)

participate in or interfere with the formation or administration of a trade union or the representation of employees by a trade union; or

(b)

contribute financial or other support to a trade union.

Exception

(2)

An employer is deemed not to contravene subsection (1) by reason only that they

(a)

in respect of a trade union that is the bargaining agent for a bargaining unit comprised of or including employees of the employer,

(i)

permit an employee or representative of the trade union to confer with them during hours of work or to attend to the business of the trade union during hours of work without any deduction from wages or any deduction of time worked for the employer,

(ii)

provide free transportation to representatives of the trade union for purposes of collective bargaining, the administration of a collective agreement and related matters, or

(iii)

permit the trade union to use their premises for the purposes of the trade union;

(b)

contribute financial support to any pension, health or other welfare trust fund the sole purpose of which is to provide pension, health or other welfare rights or benefits to employees; or

(c)

express a personal point of view, so long as the employer does not use coercion, intimidation, threats, promises or undue influence.

(2.1)

[Repealed, 2024, c. 12, s. 9]

Prohibitions relating to employers

(3)

No employer or person acting on behalf of an employer shall

(a)

refuse to employ or to continue to employ or suspend, transfer, lay off or otherwise discriminate against any person with respect to employment, pay or any other term or condition of employment or intimidate, threaten or otherwise discipline any person, because the person

(i)

is or proposes to become, or seeks to induce any other person to become, a member, officer or representative of a trade union or participates in the promotion, formation or administration of a trade union,

(ii)

has been expelled or suspended from membership in a trade union for a reason other than a failure to pay the periodic dues, assessments and initiation fees uniformly required to be paid by all members of the trade union as a condition of acquiring or retaining membership in the trade union,

(iii)

has testified or otherwise participated or may testify or otherwise participate in a proceeding under this Part,

(iv)

has made or is about to make a disclosure that the person may be required to make in a proceeding under this Part,

(v)

has made an application or filed a complaint under this Part, or

(vi)

has participated in a strike that is not prohibited by this Part or exercised any right under this Part;

(b)

impose any condition in a contract of employment that restrains, or has the effect of restraining, an employee from exercising any right conferred on them by this Part;

(c)

suspend, discharge or impose any financial or other penalty on an employee, or take any other disciplinary action against an employee, by reason of their refusal to perform all or some of the duties and responsibilities of another employee who is participating in a strike or subject to a lockout that is not prohibited by this Part;

(d)

deny to any employee any pension rights or benefits to which the employee would be entitled but for

(i)

the cessation of work by the employee as the result of a lockout or strike that is not prohibited by this Part, or

(ii)

the dismissal of the employee contrary to this Part;

(d.1)

where the requirements of paragraphs 89(1)(a) to (d) have been met, cancel or threaten to cancel a medical, dental, disability, life or other insurance plan, whether administered by the employer or otherwise, that benefits employees, so long as the bargaining agent tenders or attempts to tender to the employer payments or premiums sufficient to continue the plan;

(d.2)

where the requirements of paragraphs 89(1)(a) to (d) have been met and the bargaining agent has tendered or attempted to tender to the employer payments or premiums sufficient to continue an insurance plan referred to in paragraph (d.1), deny or threaten to deny to any employee any benefits under the plan to which the employee was entitled before those requirements were met;

(e)

seek, by intimidation, threat of dismissal or any other kind of threat, by the imposition of a financial or other penalty or by any other means, to compel a person to refrain from becoming or to cease to be a member, officer or representative of a trade union or to refrain from

(i)

testifying or otherwise participating in a proceeding under this Part,

(ii)

making a disclosure that the person may be required to make in a proceeding under this Part, or

(iii)

making an application or filing a complaint under this Part;

(f)

suspend, discharge or impose any financial or other penalty on a person employed by them, or take any other disciplinary action against such a person, by reason of that person having refused to perform an act that is prohibited by this Part; or

(g)

bargain collectively for the purpose of entering into a collective agreement or enter into a collective agreement with a trade union in respect of a bargaining unit, if another trade union is the bargaining agent for that bargaining unit.

Prohibition relating to replacement workers

(4)

Subject to subsection (7), during a strike or lockout not prohibited by this Part, no employer or person acting on behalf of an employer shall use the services of any of the following persons to perform all or part of the duties of an employee who is in the bargaining unit on strike or locked out:

(a)

any employee or any person who performs management functions or who is employed in a confidential capacity in matters related to industrial relations, if that employee or person is hired after the day on which notice to bargain collectively is given;

(b)

any contractor, other than a dependent contractor, or any employee of another employer;

(c)

any employee whose normal workplace is a workplace other than that at which the strike or lockout is taking place or who was transferred to the workplace at which the strike or lockout is taking place after the day on which notice to bargain collectively is given;

(d)

any volunteer, student or member of the public.

Clarification — continuing services

(5)

If, before the day on which notice to bargain collectively was given, an employer or person acting on behalf of an employer was using the services of a person referred to in paragraph (4)(b) and those services were the same as or substantially similar to the duties of an employee in the bargaining unit, they may continue to use those services throughout a strike or lockout not prohibited by this Part involving that unit so long as they do so in the same manner, to the same extent and in the same circumstances as they did before the notice was given.

Prohibition relating to employees in bargaining unit

(6)

Subject to subsection (7), during a strike or lockout not prohibited by this Part that, with the exception of work performed for the purpose of compliance with section 87.4 or 87.7, is intended to involve the cessation of work by all employees in the bargaining unit, no employer or person acting on behalf of an employer shall use the services of any employee in that unit for a purpose other than compliance with those sections.

Exception — threat, destruction or damage

(7)

An employer or person acting on behalf of an employer who uses the services of any person referred to in paragraphs (4)(a) to (d) or of an employee referred to in subsection (6) does not contravene subsection (4) or (6) if

(a)

the services are used solely in order to deal with a situation that presents or could reasonably be expected to present an imminent or serious

(i)

threat to the life, health or safety of any person,

(ii)

threat of destruction of, or serious damage to, the employer’s property or premises, or

(iii)

threat of serious environmental damage affecting the employer’s property or premises;

(b)

the use of the services is necessary in order to deal with the situation because the employer or person acting on behalf of an employer is unable to do so by any other means, such as by using the services of a person who is not referred to in paragraphs (4)(a) to (d) or in subsection (6); and

(c)

in the case of the services of a person referred to in paragraphs (4)(a) to (d), the employer or person acting on behalf of an employer gave the employees in the bargaining unit on strike or locked out the opportunity to perform the necessary work before using the services of that person.

For greater certainty

(8)

For greater certainty, an employer or person acting on behalf of an employer may rely on subsection (7) only for the conservation purposes referred to in paragraph (7)(a) and not for the purpose of continuing the supply of services, operation of facilities or production of goods in a manner contrary to subsection (4) or (6).

R.S., 1985, c. L-2, s. 94; 1998, c. 26, s. 42; 1999, c. 31, ss. 158(E), 162(E); 2000, c. 20, s. 23(E); 2024, c. 12, s. 9

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95Prohibitions relating to trade unions history

No trade union or person acting on behalf of a trade union shall

(a)

seek to compel an employer to bargain collectively with the trade union if the trade union is not the bargaining agent for a bargaining unit that includes employees of the employer;

(b)

bargain collectively for the purpose of entering into a collective agreement or enter into a collective agreement with an employer in respect of a bargaining unit, if that trade union or person knows or, in the opinion of the Board, ought to know that another trade union is the bargaining agent for that bargaining unit;

(c)

participate in or interfere with the formation or administration of an employers’ organization;

(d)

except with the consent of the employer of an employee, attempt, at an employee’s place of employment during the working hours of the employee, to persuade the employee to become, to refrain from becoming or to cease to be a member of a trade union;

(e)

require an employer to terminate the employment of an employee because the employee has been expelled or suspended from membership in the trade union for a reason other than a failure to pay the periodic dues, assessments and initiation fees uniformly required to be paid by all members of the trade union as a condition of acquiring or retaining membership in the trade union;

(f)

expel or suspend an employee from membership in the trade union or deny membership in the trade union to an employee by applying to the employee in a discriminatory manner the membership rules of the trade union;

(g)

take disciplinary action against or impose any form of penalty on an employee by applying to that employee in a discriminatory manner the standards of discipline of the trade union;

(h)

expel or suspend an employee from membership in the trade union or take disciplinary action against or impose any form of penalty on an employee by reason of that employee having refused to perform an act that is contrary to this Part; or

(i)

discriminate against a person with respect to employment, a term or condition of employment or membership in a trade union, or intimidate or coerce a person or impose a financial or other penalty on a person, because that person

(i)

has testified or otherwise participated or may testify or otherwise participate in a proceeding under this Part,

(ii)

has made or is about to make a disclosure that the person may be required to make in a proceeding under this Part, or

(iii)

has made an application or filed a complaint under this Part.

1972, c. 18, s. 1

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96General prohibition history

No person shall seek by intimidation or coercion to compel a person to become or refrain from becoming or to cease to be a member of a trade union.

1972, c. 18, s. 1

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96.1Prohibition history

An employer is prohibited from treating an employee as if they were not their employee.

2024, c. 17, s. 236

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97Complaints to the Board history
(1)

Subject to subsections (2) to (5), any person or organization may make a complaint in writing to the Board that

(a)

an employer, a person acting on behalf of an employer, a trade union, a person acting on behalf of a trade union or an employee has contravened or failed to comply with subsection 24(4) or 34(6) or section 37, 47.3, 50, 69, 87.5 or 87.6, subsection 87.7(2) or section 94, 95 or 96.1; or

(b)

any person has failed to comply with section 96.

Time for making complaint

(2)

Subject to subsections (4) and (5), a complaint pursuant to subsection (1) must be made to the Board not later than ninety days after the date on which the complainant knew, or in the opinion of the Board ought to have known, of the action or circumstances giving rise to the complaint.

(3)

[Repealed, 1998, c. 26, s. 43]

Limitation on complaints against trade unions

(4)

Subject to subsection (5), no complaint shall be made to the Board under subsection (1) on the ground that a trade union or any person acting on behalf of a trade union has failed to comply with paragraph 95(f) or (g) unless

(a)

the complainant has presented a grievance or appeal in accordance with any procedure that has been established by the trade union and to which the complainant has been given ready access;

(b)

the trade union

(i)

has dealt with the grievance or appeal of the complainant in a manner unsatisfactory to the complainant, or

(ii)

has not, within six months after the date on which the complainant first presented their grievance or appeal pursuant to paragraph (a), dealt with the grievance or appeal; and

(c)

the complaint is made to the Board not later than ninety days after the first day on which the complainant could, in accordance with paragraphs (a) and (b), make the complaint.

Exception

(5)

The Board may, on application to it by a complainant, determine a complaint in respect of an alleged failure by a trade union to comply with paragraph 95(f) or (g) that has not been presented as a grievance or appeal to the trade union, if the Board is satisfied that

(a)

the action or circumstance giving rise to the complaint is such that the complaint should be dealt with without delay; or

(b)

the trade union has not given the complainant ready access to a grievance or appeal procedure.

R.S., 1985, c. L-2, s. 97; 1991, c. 39, s. 2; 1998, c. 26, s. 43; 1999, c. 31, s. 162(E); 2024, c. 17, s. 237

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98Duty and power of the Board history
(1)

Subject to subsection (3), on receipt of a complaint made under section 97, the Board may assist the parties to the complaint to settle the complaint and shall, where it decides not to so assist the parties or the complaint is not settled within a period considered by the Board to be reasonable in the circumstances, determine the complaint.

(2)

[Repealed, 1998, c. 26, s. 44]

Board may refuse to determine complaint involving collective agreement

(3)

The Board may refuse to determine any complaint made pursuant to section 97 in respect of a matter that, in the opinion of the Board, could be referred by the complainant pursuant to a collective agreement to an arbitrator or arbitration board.

Burden of proof

(4)

Where a complaint is made in writing pursuant to section 97 in respect of an alleged failure by an employer or any person acting on behalf of an employer to comply with subsection 94(3), the written complaint is itself evidence that such failure actually occurred and, if any party to the complaint proceedings alleges that such failure did not occur, the burden of proof thereof is on that party.

R.S., 1985, c. L-2, s. 98; 1998, c. 26, s. 44

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99Board orders history
(1)

If, under section 98, the Board determines that a party to a complaint has contravened or failed to comply with subsection 24(4) or 34(6), section 37, 47.3, 50 or 69, subsection 87.5(1) or (2), section 87.6, subsection 87.7(2) or section 94, 95, 96 or 96.1, the Board may, by order, require the party to comply with or cease contravening that subsection or section and may

(a)

in respect of a failure to comply with subsection 24(4), section 47.3, paragraph 50(b) or subsection 87.5(1) or (2) or 87.7(2), by order, require an employer to pay to any employee compensation not exceeding such sum as, in the opinion of the Board, is equivalent to the remuneration that would, but for that failure, have been paid by the employer to the employee;

(a.1)

in respect of a contravention of subsection 34(6), by order, require an employer representative to take and carry on on behalf of any employer affected by the contravention, or to assist any such employer to take and carry on, such action or proceeding as the Board considers that the representative ought to have taken and carried on on the employer’s behalf or ought to have assisted the employer to take and carry on;

(b)

in respect of a contravention of section 37, require a trade union to take and carry on on behalf of any employee affected by the contravention or to assist any such employee to take and carry on such action or proceeding as the Board considers that the union ought to have taken and carried on on the employee’s behalf or ought to have assisted the employee to take and carry on;

(b.1)

in respect of a contravention of the obligation to bargain collectively in good faith mentioned in paragraph 50(a), by order, require that an employer or a trade union include in or withdraw from a bargaining position specific terms or direct a binding method of resolving those terms, if the Board considers that this order is necessary to remedy the contravention or counteract its effects;

(b.2)

in respect of a failure to comply with section 87.6, by order, require an employer to reinstate any employee who the employer has failed to reinstate in accordance with that section and pay to the employee compensation not exceeding the sum that, in the opinion of the Board, is equivalent to the remuneration that would, but for that failure, have been paid by the employer to that employee;

(b.3)

in respect of a failure to comply with subsection 94(4), by order, require the employer to stop using, for the duration of the dispute, the services of any of the persons referred to in paragraphs 94(4)(a) to (d) to perform all or part of the duties of an employee who is in the bargaining unit on strike or locked out;

(b.4)

in respect of a failure to comply with subsection 94(6), by order, require the employer to stop using, for the duration of the dispute, the services of any employee referred to in that subsection;

(c)

in respect of a failure to comply with paragraph 94(3)(a), (c) or (f), by order, require an employer to

(i)

employ, continue to employ or permit to return to the duties of their employment any employee or other person whom the employer or any person acting on behalf of the employer has refused to employ or continue to employ, has suspended, transferred, laid off or otherwise discriminated against, or discharged for a reason that is prohibited by one of those paragraphs,

(ii)

pay to any employee or other person affected by that failure compensation not exceeding such sum as, in the opinion of the Board, is equivalent to the remuneration that would, but for that failure, have been paid by the employer to that employee or other person, and

(iii)

rescind any disciplinary action taken in respect of and pay compensation to any employee affected by that failure, not exceeding such sum as, in the opinion of the Board, is equivalent to any financial or other penalty imposed on the employee by the employer;

(c.1)

in respect of a contravention of paragraph 94(3)(d.1) or (d.2), by order, require the employer to reinstate any medical, dental, disability, life or other insurance plan, or to pay to any employee any benefits under such a plan to which the employee was entitled before the requirements of paragraphs 89(1)(a) to (d) were met;

(d)

in respect of a failure to comply with paragraph 94(3)(e), by order, require an employer to rescind any action taken in respect of and pay compensation to any employee affected by the failure, not exceeding such sum as, in the opinion of the Board, is equivalent to any financial or other penalty imposed on the employee by the employer;

(e)

in respect of a failure to comply with paragraph 95(f) or (h), by order, require a trade union to reinstate or admit an employee as a member of the trade union;

(f)

in respect of a failure to comply with paragraph 95(g), (h) or (i), by order, require a trade union to rescind any disciplinary action taken in respect of and pay compensation to any employee affected by the failure, not exceeding such sum as, in the opinion of the Board, is equivalent to any financial or other penalty imposed on the employee by the trade union; and

(g)

in respect of a contravention of section 96.1, by order, require an employer to pay to any employee affected by that contravention compensation not exceeding the sum that, in the Board’s opinion, is equivalent to the remuneration that would, but for that contravention, have been paid by the employer to that employee.

Idem

(2)

For the purpose of ensuring the fulfilment of the objectives of this Part, the Board may, in respect of any contravention of or failure to comply with any provision to which subsection (1) applies and in addition to or in lieu of any other order that the Board is authorized to make under that subsection, by order, require an employer or a trade union to do or refrain from doing any thing that it is equitable to require the employer or trade union to do or refrain from doing in order to remedy or counteract any consequence of the contravention or failure to comply that is adverse to the fulfilment of those objectives.

R.S., 1985, c. L-2, s. 99; 1991, c. 39, s. 3; 1998, c. 26, s. 45; 1999, c. 31, s. 162(E); 2024, c. 12, s. 10; 2024, c. 17, s. 238

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99.01Time limit history
(1)

Despite subsection 14.2(2), if a complaint is made under section 97 in respect of an alleged failure by an employer or a person acting on behalf of an employer to comply with subsection 94(4) or (6), the Board must exercise its powers and perform its duties and functions under section 98 and, if applicable, under section 99, within the time limit prescribed by the regulations or, if no time limit is prescribed, as soon as feasible.

Copy of decision and order

(2)

The Board must send a copy of its decision and any order to the parties and to the Minister within the time limit referred to in subsection (1).

2024, c. 12, s. 11

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99.1Certification history

The Board may certify a trade union despite a lack of evidence of majority support if

(a)

the employer has failed to comply with section 94; and

(b)

the Board is of the opinion that, but for the unfair labour practice, the trade union could reasonably have been expected to have had the support of a majority of the employees in the unit.

1998, c. 26, s. 46

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Offences and Punishment

100Lockout contrary to this Part history
(1)

Every employer who declares or causes a lockout contrary to this Part is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars for each day that the lockout continues.

Idem

(2)

Every person who, on behalf of an employer, declares or causes a lockout contrary to this Part is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars.

Strike contrary to this Part

(3)

Every trade union that declares or authorizes a strike contrary to this Part is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars for each day that the strike continues.

Idem

(4)

Every officer or representative of a trade union who declares or authorizes a strike contrary to this Part is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars.

1972, c. 18, s. 1

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100.1Prohibited use of services during strike or lockout history

Every employer who contravenes subsection 94(4) or (6) is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding $100,000 for each day during which the offence is committed or continued.

2024, c. 12, s. 12

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101General offences by persons history
(1)

Subject to section 100, every person other than an employer or a trade union who contravenes or fails to comply with any provision of this Part other than section 50, 94 or 95 is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars.

General offences by employers or trade unions

(2)

Subject to section 100, every employer or trade union who or that contravenes or fails to comply with any provision of this Part other than section 50, 94 or 95 is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars.

1972, c. 18, s. 1

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102Further offences history

Every person who

(a)

being required to attend to give evidence pursuant to paragraph 16(a), fails, without valid excuse, to attend accordingly,

(b)

being commanded to produce, pursuant to paragraph 16(a), any document or thing in their possession or under their control, fails to produce the document or thing,

(c)

refuses to be sworn or to affirm, as the case may be, after being required to do so pursuant to paragraph 16(a), or

(d)

refuses to answer any proper question put to them, pursuant to paragraph 16(a), by the Board, a conciliation board, a conciliation commissioner, an arbitrator or an arbitration board,

is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding four hundred dollars.

R.S., 1985, c. L-2, s. 102; 1999, c. 31, ss. 159(E), 162(E)

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103Prosecution of employers’ organizations, trade unions and councils of trade unions history
(1)

A prosecution for an offence under this Part may be brought against and in the name of an employers’ organization, a trade union or a council of trade unions.

Idem

(2)

For the purpose of a prosecution under subsection (1),

(a)

an employers’ organization, trade union or council of trade unions shall be deemed to be a person; and

(b)

any act or thing done or omitted to be done by an officer or agent of an employers’ organization, trade union or council of trade unions within the scope of their authority to act on behalf of the employers’ organization, trade union or council of trade unions shall be deemed to be an act or thing done or omitted to be done by the employers’ organization, trade union or council of trade unions.

R.S., 1985, c. L-2, s. 103; 1999, c. 31, s. 162(E)

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104Consent of Board before prosecution history

Except with the consent in writing of the Board, no prosecution shall be instituted in respect of an offence under this Part.

1972, c. 18, s. 1; 1977-78, c. 27, s. 69

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